Civ. Code, § 44 · Part 2. PERSONAL RIGHTS

Civ. Code, § 44

Verbatim from the official edition

Text — As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)

Defamation is effected by either of the following:

(a) Libel.

(b) Slander.

Notes and commentary — not statutory text

History

Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 676, Sec. 39.

Source of truth

Edition: As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
Official file: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=44.
Text hash: sha256 c4c3399f1aa820b99c54973328c10103e323120b4e0a2f3ee6a0cd5f0f61cac2
Composed by: compose_ca.py 2026-10-22: the Legislative Counsel's CAML content files read by a tokenizer (caml_readers.reader_a); an independent xml.etree reading (caml_readers.reader_b) agrees on every section

Procedural information only. Not legal advice and not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Confirm the current text with the official publisher before relying on it.