Civ. Code, § 48 · Part 2. PERSONAL RIGHTS

Civ. Code, § 48

Verbatim from the official edition

Text — As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)

In the case provided for in subdivision (c) of Section 47, malice is not inferred from the communication.

Notes and commentary — not statutory text

History

Amended by Stats. 2003, Ch. 62, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 2004.

Source of truth

Edition: As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
Official file: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=48.
Text hash: sha256 b4eeba83605cfd47d8a01129acbb230df2c41b96274c4b07ddfbef77e4b04c43
Composed by: compose_ca.py 2026-10-22: the Legislative Counsel's CAML content files read by a tokenizer (caml_readers.reader_a); an independent xml.etree reading (caml_readers.reader_b) agrees on every section

This section cites

Provisions in this library that the text above cites, as it prints each citation. A range cited as “ss. 61.13-61.16” links its first and last provisions.

Civil Code

Civ. Code, § 47Printed as Section 47

Procedural information only. Not legal advice and not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Confirm the current text with the official publisher before relying on it.