Cal. Const., art. I, § 1 · Article I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS

Cal. Const., art. I, § 1

Verbatim from the official edition

Text — As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)

All people are by nature free and independent and have inalienable rights. Among these are enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety, happiness, and privacy.

Notes and commentary — not constitutional text

History

Sec. 1 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Proposition 7. Resolution Chapter 90, 1974.

Source of truth

Edition: As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
Official file: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS&sectionNum=SEC.%201.&article=I
Text hash: sha256 597441c4019bb3559ef5793f4c2aaf086a0ee457442bf9c3f21527ad22dc0cd4
Composed by: compose_ca.py 2026-10-22: the Legislative Counsel's CAML content files read by a tokenizer (caml_readers.reader_a); an independent xml.etree reading (caml_readers.reader_b) agrees on every section

Cited by 10 provisions

Provisions in this library whose text cites Cal. Const., art. I, § 1. Each shows the citation as that text prints it.

Business and Professions Code

Bus. & Prof. Code, § 17590Printed as Section 1 of Article I of the California Constitution

Civil Code

Government Code

Gov. Code, § 7930.100Printed as Section 1 of Article I of the California Constitution

Health and Safety Code

Health & Saf. Code, § 1597.640Printed as Section 1 of Article I of the California Constitution

Vehicle Code

Welfare and Institutions Code

Welf. & Inst. Code, § 4903Printed as Section 1 of Article I of the California Constitution

Procedural information only. Not legal advice and not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Confirm the current text with the official publisher before relying on it.