Cal. Const., art. I, § 2 · Article I. DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
Cal. Const., art. I, § 2
Text — As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
(a) Every person may freely speak, write and publish his or her sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of this right. A law may not restrain or abridge liberty of speech or press.
(b) A publisher, editor, reporter, or other person connected with or employed upon a newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publication, or by a press association or wire service, or any person who has been so connected or employed, shall not be adjudged in contempt by a judicial, legislative, or administrative body, or any other body having the power to issue subpoenas, for refusing to disclose the source of any information procured while so connected or employed for publication in a newspaper, magazine or other periodical publication, or for refusing to disclose any unpublished information obtained or prepared in gathering, receiving or processing of information for communication to the public.
Nor shall a radio or television news reporter or other person connected with or employed by a radio or television station, or any person who has been so connected or employed, be so adjudged in contempt for refusing to disclose the source of any information procured while so connected or employed for news or news commentary purposes on radio or television, or for refusing to disclose any unpublished information obtained or prepared in gathering, receiving or processing of information for communication to the public.
As used in this subdivision, “unpublished information” includes information not disseminated to the public by the person from whom disclosure is sought, whether or not related information has been disseminated and includes, but is not limited to, all notes, outtakes, photographs, tapes or other data of whatever sort not itself disseminated to the public through a medium of communication, whether or not published information based upon or related to such material has been disseminated.
Notes and commentary — not constitutional text
History
Sec. 2 amended June 3, 1980, by Prop. 5. Res.Ch. 77, 1978.
Source of truth
- Edition
- As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
- Official file
- https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS§ionNum=SEC.%202.&article=I
- Text hash
- sha256 6c07a3dcccdced3fbeb6d4a927a33afdb869914f260c35af928b22198e08649c
- Composed by
- compose_ca.py 2026-10-22: the Legislative Counsel's CAML content files read by a tokenizer (caml_readers.reader_a); an independent xml.etree reading (caml_readers.reader_b) agrees on every section
Cited by 16 provisions
Provisions in this library whose text cites Cal. Const., art. I, § 2. Each shows the citation as that text prints it.
Business and Professions Code
Code of Civil Procedure
Education Code
- Ed. Code, § 48907Printed as Section 2 of Article I of the California Constitution
- Ed. Code, § 48950Printed as Section 2 of Article I of the California Constitution
- Ed. Code, § 66270.7Printed as Section 2 of Article I of the California Constitution
- Ed. Code, § 66301Printed as Section 2 of Article I of the California Constitution
- Ed. Code, § 66303Printed as Section 2 of Article I of the California Constitution
- Ed. Code, § 94367Printed as Section 2 of Article I of the California Constitution
Penal Code
California Rules of Professional Conduct
Procedural information only. Not legal advice and not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Confirm the current text with the official publisher before relying on it.