Evid. Code, § 1522 · Article 1. Proof of the Content of a Writing
Evid. Code, § 1522
Text — As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
(a) In addition to the grounds for exclusion authorized by Section 1521, in a criminal action the court shall exclude secondary evidence of the content of a writing if the court determines that the original is in the proponent’s possession, custody, or control, and the proponent has not made the original reasonably available for inspection at or before trial. This section does not apply to any of the following:
(1) A duplicate as defined in Section 260.
(2) A writing that is not closely related to the controlling issues in the action.
(3) A copy of a writing in the custody of a public entity.
(4) A copy of a writing that is recorded in the public records, if the record or a certified copy of it is made evidence of the writing by statute.
(b) In a criminal action, a request to exclude secondary evidence of the content of a writing, under this section or any other law, shall not be made in the presence of the jury.
Notes and commentary — not statutory text
History
Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 100, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1999.
Source of truth
- Edition
- As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
- Official file
- https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EVID§ionNum=1522.
- Text hash
- sha256 a020c8676819b93b007b4e7802e4220d8b459c8f08ee2d7ef342218183d19eec
- Composed by
- compose_ca.py 2026-10-22: the Legislative Counsel's CAML content files read by a tokenizer (caml_readers.reader_a); an independent xml.etree reading (caml_readers.reader_b) agrees on every section
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