Pen. Code, § 939 · Article 4. Conduct of Investigations
Pen. Code, § 939
Text — As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
No person other than those specified in Article 3 (commencing with Section 934), and in Sections 939.1, 939.11, and 939.21, and the officer having custody of a prisoner witness while the prisoner is testifying, is permitted to be present during the criminal sessions of the grand jury except the members and witnesses actually under examination. Members of the grand jury who have been excused pursuant to Section 939.5 shall not be present during any part of these proceedings. No persons other than grand jurors shall be permitted to be present during the expression of the opinions of the grand jurors, or the giving of their votes, on any criminal or civil matter before them.
Notes and commentary — not statutory text
History
Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 755, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.
Source of truth
- Edition
- As published in the Legislative Counsel's database, tables dated October 18, 2026 (pubinfo_2025.zip)
- Official file
- https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN§ionNum=939.
- Text hash
- sha256 a7f0c33ffc13bec190210b5d79892862f2085368e360956ed67ec31d554b31a5
- Composed by
- compose_ca.py 2026-10-22: the Legislative Counsel's CAML content files read by a tokenizer (caml_readers.reader_a); an independent xml.etree reading (caml_readers.reader_b) agrees on every section
This section cites
Provisions in this library that the text above cites, as it prints each citation. A range cited as “ss. 61.13-61.16” links its first and last provisions.
Penal Code
- Pen. Code, pt. 2, tit. 4, ch. 3, art. 3Legal and Other Assistants for Grand JuriesPrinted as Article 3 (commencing with Section 934)
- Pen. Code, § 939.1Printed as Sections 939.1, 939.11, and 939.21
- Pen. Code, § 939.11Printed as Sections 939.1, 939.11, and 939.21
- Pen. Code, § 939.21Printed as Sections 939.1, 939.11, and 939.21
- Pen. Code, § 939.5Printed as Section 939.5
Procedural information only. Not legal advice and not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Confirm the current text with the official publisher before relying on it.