Cal. Rules of Court, rule 4.437 · Division 5. Felony Sentencing Law

Statements in aggravation and mitigation

Verbatim from the official edition

Text — As posted by the Judicial Council of California (read October 22, 2026)

(a) Time for filing and service

Statements in aggravation and mitigation referred to in section 1170(b) must be filed and served at least four days before the time set for sentencing under section 1191 or the time set for pronouncing judgment on revocation of probation under section 1203.2(c) if imposition of sentence was previously suspended.

(b) Combined statement

A party seeking consideration of circumstances in aggravation or mitigation may file and serve a statement under section 1170(b) and this rule.

A statement in aggravation or mitigation must include:

(1) A summary of evidence that the party relies on as circumstances justifying the imposition of a particular term; and

(2) Notice of intention to dispute facts or offer evidence in aggravation or mitigation at the sentencing hearing. The statement must generally describe the evidence to be offered, including a description of any documents and the names and expected substance of the testimony of any witnesses. No evidence in aggravation or mitigation may be introduced at the sentencing hearing unless it was described in the statement, or unless its admission is permitted by the sentencing judge in the interests of justice.

(d) Support required for assertions of fact

Assertions of fact in a statement in aggravation or mitigation must be disregarded unless they are supported by the record in the case, the probation officer's report or other reports properly filed in the case, or other competent evidence.

(e) Disputed facts

In the event the parties dispute the facts on which the conviction rested, the court must conduct a presentence hearing and make appropriate corrections, additions, or deletions in the presentence probation report or order a revised report.

Notes and commentary — not rule text

History

(Subd (a) amended effective January 1, 2007.)

(Subd (b) amended effective January 1, 2007.)

(Subd (c) amended effective May 23, 2007; previously amended effective January 1, 2007.)

(Subd (d) amended effective January 1, 2007.)

(Subd (e) amended effective January 1, 2007; adopted effective January 1, 1991.)

Rule 4.437 amended effective May 23, 2007; adopted as rule 437 effective July 1, 1977; previously renumbered effective January 1, 2001; previously amended effective July 28, 1977, January 1, 1991, and January 1, 2007.

Advisory Committee Comment

Section 1170(b)(4) states in part:

"At least four days prior to the time set for imposition of judgment, either party or the victim, or the family of the victim if the victim is deceased, may submit a statement in aggravation or mitigation to dispute facts in the record or the probation officer's report, or to present additional facts."

This provision means that the statement is a document giving notice of intention to dispute evidence in the record or the probation officer's report, or to present additional facts.

The statement itself cannot be the medium for presenting new evidence, or for rebutting competent evidence already presented, because the statement is a unilateral presentation by one party or counsel that will not necessarily have any indicia of reliability. To allow its factual assertions to be considered in the absence of corroborating evidence would, therefore, constitute a denial of due process of law in violation of the United States (14th Amend.) and California (art. I, § 7) Constitutions.

The requirement that the statement include notice of intention to rely on new evidence will enhance fairness to both sides by avoiding surprise and helping to ensure that the time limit on pronouncing sentence is met. This notice may include either party's intention to provide evidence to prove or contest the existence of a factor in mitigation that would require imposition of the low term for the underlying offense or dismissal of an enhancement.

Source of truth

Edition: As posted by the Judicial Council of California (read October 22, 2026)
Official file: https://courts.ca.gov/cms/rules/index/four/rule4_437
Text hash: sha256 97292314b6788ef80389e8e8dd70155afff2d53469cf4b4039ae15eff60cd731
Composed by: compose_crc.py 2026-10-22: the Judicial Council's rule pages read paragraph by paragraph; verify_crc.py's second reading of the Council's per-title PDFs finds every paragraph

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Procedural information only. Not legal advice and not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. Confirm the current text with the official publisher before relying on it.