EMERGENCY SUSPENSION AND INTERIM PROBATION

(a) Emergency Suspension.

(1) Great Public Harm. The Supreme Court of Florida may issue an order suspending the lawyer on an emergency basis on petition of The Florida Bar, authorized by its president, president-elect, or executive director and supported by 1 or more affidavits demonstrating facts personally known to the affiants that, if unrebutted, would establish clearly and convincingly that a lawyer appears to be causing great public harm.

(2) Discipline by Foreign Jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Florida may issue an order suspending the lawyer on an emergency basis under this chapter on petition of The Florida Bar, authorized by its president, president-elect, or executive director and supported by a certified copy of an order of a foreign disciplinary jurisdiction suspending or disbarring a lawyer from the practice of law.

(3) Formal Complaint, Answer, and Defenses. A petition for emergency suspension also constitutes a formal complaint. The respondent has 20 days after docketing by the Supreme Court of Florida of its order granting the bar’s petition for emergency suspension in which to file an answer and any affirmative defenses to the bar’s petition.

(4) Appointment of Referee. The Supreme Court of Florida will promptly appoint or direct the appointment of a referee on entry of an order of suspension.

(5) New Cases and Existing Clients. Any emergency suspension order issued under this subdivision immediately precludes the lawyer from accepting any new cases and, unless otherwise ordered, permits the lawyer to continue to represent existing clients for only the first 30 days after issuance of an emergency order. Any fees paid to the suspended lawyer during the 30-day period must be deposited in a trust account from which withdrawals may be made only in accordance with restrictions imposed by the court.

(6) Motions to Dissolve or Amend. The lawyer may move at any time to dissolve or amend an emergency order by motion filed with the Supreme Court of Florida, unless the bar has demonstrated, through a hearing or trial, the likelihood of prevailing on the merits on any of the underlying violations of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar that establishes the respondent is causing great public harm. The lawyer must serve a copy of the motion on bar counsel. The motion will not stay any other proceedings or applicable time limitations in the case and will immediately be assigned to a referee designated by the chief justice, unless the motion fails to state good cause or is procedurally barred as an invalid successive motion. The filing of the motion will not stay the operation of an emergency suspension order entered under this subdivision.

(7) Successive Motions Prohibited. The Supreme Court of Florida will summarily dismiss any successive motion for dissolution or amendment that raises issues that were, or with due diligence could have been, raised in a prior motion.

(8) Hearing on Motion to Dissolve or Amend Suspension. The referee will hear a motion to dissolve or amend a suspension imposed under this subdivision within 7 days of assignment and submit a report and recommendation to the Supreme Court of Florida in an electronic format approved by the supreme court within 7 days of the hearing date. The referee will recommend dissolution or amendment, whichever is appropriate, if the bar cannot demonstrate a likelihood of prevailing on the merits on at least 1 of the underlying violations of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar that establishes the respondent is causing great public harm.

(9) Review by the Supreme Court of Florida. The Supreme Court of Florida will review and act on the referee’s findings and recommendations on receipt of the referee’s report on the motion for dissolution or amendment. Briefing schedules following the petition for review are as set forth in subchapter 3-7 of these rules.

(10) Hearings on Issues Raised in Petitions for Emergency Suspension and Sanctions. Once the Supreme Court of Florida has granted a petition for emergency suspension under this subdivision, the referee appointed by the court will hear the matter in the same manner as provided in rule 3-7.6, except that the referee will hear the matter after the lawyer charged has answered the charges in the petition for emergency suspension or when the time has expired for filing an answer. The referee will issue a final report and recommendation in an electronic format approved by the supreme court within 90 days of appointment. If the time limit specified in this subdivision is not met, that portion of an emergency suspension order will be automatically dissolved, except on order of the Supreme Court of Florida, provided that any other appropriate disciplinary action on the underlying conduct still may be taken.

(b) Petition for Interim Probation.

(1) Petition. The Supreme Court of Florida may issue an order placing a lawyer on interim probation under the conditions provided in rule 3-5.1 on petition of The Florida Bar, authorized by its president, president-elect, or executive director and supported by 1 or more affidavits demonstrating facts personally known to the affiants that, if unrebutted, would establish clearly and convincingly that conditions or restrictions on a lawyer’s privilege to practice law in Florida are necessary to protect the public.

(2) Formal Complaint, Answer, and Defenses. The petition also constitutes the formal complaint. The respondent has 20 days after docketing by the Supreme Court of Florida of its order granting the bar’s petition for interim probation in which to file an answer and any affirmative defenses to the bar’s petition.

(3) Appointment of Referee. The Supreme Court of Florida will promptly appoint or direct the appointment of a referee on entry of an order of interim probation.

(4) Motions to Dissolve or Amend. The lawyer may move at any time to dissolve or amend an order imposing interim probation by motion filed with the Supreme Court of Florida, unless the bar has demonstrated, through a hearing or trial, the likelihood of prevailing on the merits on any of the underlying violations of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The lawyer must serve a copy of the motion on bar counsel. The motion will not stay any other proceedings or applicable time limitations in the case and will immediately be assigned to a referee designated by the chief justice, unless the motion fails to state good cause or is procedurally barred as an invalid successive motion. The filing of the motion will not stay the operation of an interim probation order entered under this subdivision.

(5) Successive Motions Prohibited. The Supreme Court of Florida will summarily dismiss any successive motion for dissolution or amendment that raises issues that were, or with due diligence could have been, raised in a prior motion.

(6) Hearing on Motion to Dissolve or Amend Interim Probation. The referee will hear a motion to dissolve or amend an interim probation imposed under this subdivision within 7 days of assignment and submit a report and recommendation to the Supreme Court of Florida in an electronic format approved by the supreme court within 7 days of the hearing date. The referee will recommend dissolution or amendment, whichever is appropriate, if the bar cannot demonstrate a likelihood of prevailing on the merits on at least 1 of the underlying violations of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar that establishes that conditions or restrictions on a lawyer’s privilege to practice law in Florida are necessary to protect the public.

(7) Review by the Supreme Court of Florida. The Supreme Court of Florida will review and act on the referee’s findings and recommendations on receipt of the referee’s report on the motion for dissolution or amendment. Briefing schedules following the petition for review are as set forth in subchapter 3-7 of these rules.

(8) Hearings on Issues Raised in Petitions for Interim Probation. Once the Supreme Court of Florida has granted a petition for interim probation under this rule, the referee appointed by the court will hear the matter in the same manner as provided in rule 3-7.6, except that the referee will hear the matter after the lawyer charged has answered the charges in the petition for interim probation or when the time has expired for filing an answer. The referee will issue a final report and recommendation in an electronic format approved by the supreme court within 90 days of appointment. If the time limit specified in this subdivision is not met, that portion of an emergency order imposing an interim probation will be automatically dissolved, except on order of the Supreme Court of Florida, provided that any other appropriate disciplinary action on the underlying conduct still may be taken.

(c) Trust Accounts. Any order of emergency suspension or interim probation that restricts the lawyer in maintaining a trust account will be served on the respondent and any bank or other financial institution maintaining an account against which the respondent may make withdrawals. The order enjoins the bank or financial institution from making further payment from the trust account or accounts on any obligation, except in accordance with restrictions imposed by the court through subsequent orders issued by a court-appointed referee. Bar counsel will serve a copy of the Supreme Court of Florida’s order freezing a lawyer’s trust account via first class mail on any bank in which the respondent’s trust account is held. Funds held in a frozen trust account must be disposed of in accordance with the procedures provided elsewhere in these rules.

(d) Proceedings in the Supreme Court of Florida. The Supreme Court of Florida will expedite consideration of the referee’s report and recommendation regarding emergency suspension and interim probation. The chief justice will schedule oral argument as soon as practicable, if granted.

(e) Waiver of Time Limits. The respondent may, at any time, waive the time requirements set forth in this rule by written request made to and approved by the referee assigned to hear the matter. Former Rule 3-5.1(g) redesignated as new Rule 3-5.2 and amended Nov. 14, 1991, effective Jan. 1, 1992 (593 So.2d 1035); amended July 23, 1992, effective Jan. 1, 1993 (605 So.2d 252); April 25, 2002 (820 So.2d 210); amended June 29, 2006, effective August 1, 2006 (SC05-1684) (933 So.2d 498); amended April 12, 2012, effective July 1, 2012 (SC10-1967); amended June 11, 2015, effective October 1, 2015 (167 So.3d 412); amended March 3, 2022, effective May 2, 2022 (SC20-1467); amended August 31, 2023, effective October 30, 2023 (SC23-108) ; amended September 7, 2023, effective November 6, 2023 (SC22-1293); amened September 5, 2024, effective November 4, 2024 (SC2024-0029); amended August 28, 2025, effective October 27, 2025 (SC2025-0019); amended June 5, 2025, effective December 5, 2025 (412 So. 3d 2 (Fla. 2025).