Athletics in public K-12 schools.

(1) GOVERNING NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) is designated as a governing nonprofit organization of athletics in Florida public schools. If the FHSAA fails to comply with this section, the commissioner must designate a nonprofit organization to govern athletics with the approval of the State Board of Education. The FHSAA is not a state agency as defined in s. 120.52. The FHSAA is subject to s. 1006.19. A private school that wishes to engage in high school athletic competition with a public high school may become a member of the FHSAA. Any high school in this state, including charter schools, virtual schools, and home education cooperatives, may become a member of the FHSAA and participate in the activities of the FHSAA; however, membership in the FHSAA is not mandatory for any school. The FHSAA shall allow a school the option of maintaining full membership in the association or joining by sport and may not discourage a school from simultaneously maintaining membership in another athletic association. The FHSAA shall allow any school joining by sport to participate in the championship contest or series of contests for that sport. The FHSAA may not deny or discourage interscholastic competition between its member schools and non-FHSAA member Florida schools, including members of another athletic governing organization, and may not take any retributory or discriminatory action against any of its member schools that participate in interscholastic competition with non-FHSAA member Florida schools. The FHSAA may not unreasonably withhold its approval of an application to become an affiliate member of the National Federation of State High School Associations submitted by any other organization that governs interscholastic athletic competition in this state. The bylaws of the FHSAA are the rules by which high school athletic programs in its member schools, and the students who participate in them, are governed, unless otherwise specifically provided by statute. For the purposes of this section, the term “high school” includes grades 6 through 12.

(2) ADOPTION OF BYLAWS, POLICIES, OR GUIDELINES.—

(a) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws that, unless specifically provided otherwise by statute, establish eligibility requirements for all students who participate in high school athletic competition in its member schools. The bylaws governing residence and transfer must allow the student to be immediately eligible in the school in which he or she first enrolls each school year or the school in which the student makes himself or herself a candidate for an athletic team by engaging in a practice before enrolling in the school. The bylaws must also allow the student to be immediately eligible in the school to which the student has transferred. The student remains eligible in that school so long as he or she remains enrolled in that school. Subsequent eligibility must be determined and enforced through the FHSAA’s bylaws. Requirements governing eligibility and transfer between member schools must be applied similarly to public school students and private school students. The commissioner may direct the FHSAA to revise its bylaws at any time.

1. Any changes to the FHSAA’s bylaws must be ratified by the State Board of Education.

2. A bylaw adopted by the FHSAA board of directors may not take effect until it is ratified by the State Board of Education.

(b) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws that specifically prohibit the recruiting of students for athletic purposes. The bylaws shall prescribe penalties and an appeals process for athletic recruiting violations.

1. If it is determined that a school has recruited a student in violation of FHSAA bylaws, the FHSAA may require the school to participate in a higher classification for the sport in which the recruited student competes for a minimum of one classification cycle, in addition to the penalties in subparagraphs 2. and 3. and any other appropriate fine or sanction imposed on the school, its coaches, or adult representatives who violate recruiting rules.

2. Any recruitment by a school district employee or contractor in violation of FHSAA bylaws results in escalating punishments as follows:

a. For a first offense, a $5,000 forfeiture of pay for the school district employee or contractor who committed the violation.

b. For a second offense, suspension without pay for 12 months from coaching, directing, or advertising an extracurricular activity and a $5,000 forfeiture of pay for the school district employee or contractor who committed the violation.

c. For a third offense, a $5,000 forfeiture of pay for the school district employee or contractor who committed the violation. If the individual who committed the violation holds an educator certificate, the FHSAA shall also refer the violation to the department for review pursuant to s. 1012.796 to determine whether probable cause exists, and, if there is a finding of probable cause, the commissioner shall file a formal complaint against the individual. If the complaint is upheld, the individual’s educator certificate shall be revoked for 3 years, in addition to any penalties available under s. 1012.796. Additionally, the department shall revoke any adjunct teaching certificates issued pursuant to s. 1012.57 and all permissions under ss. 1012.39 and 1012.43, and the educator is ineligible for such certificates or permissions for a period of time equal to the period of revocation of his or her state-issued certificate.

3. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a school, team, or activity shall forfeit all competitions, including honors resulting from such competitions, in which a student who participated in any fashion was recruited in a manner prohibited pursuant to state law or the FHSAA bylaws.

4. A student may not be declared ineligible based on violation of recruiting rules unless the student or parent has falsified any enrollment or eligibility document or accepted any benefit if such benefit is not generally available to the school’s students or family members or is based in any way on athletic interest, potential, or performance.

5. A student’s eligibility to participate in any interscholastic or intrascholastic extracurricular activity, as determined by a district school board pursuant to s. 1006.195(1)(a)3., may not be affected by any alleged recruiting violation until final disposition of the allegation.

(c) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws that authorize the head coach of an athletic team to support the welfare of a student he or she coaches only by using personal funds to provide, in good faith, effects such as food, transportation, and recovery services. The bylaws must require a parent to provide written consent before a head coach may provide such effects to a student. The bylaws must also restrict such use of funds to one head coach per athletic team.

1. A head coach who uses personal funds to provide such effects must report such use to the FHSAA in a manner provided by FHSAA bylaw.

2. Such use of personal funds is presumed not to be an impermissible benefit, unless such use of personal funds is:

a. Not reported;

b. Reported and deemed not to be in good faith by the FHSAA; or

c. Used for recruiting purposes.

3. The maximum amount of personal funds a head coach may use per athletic team per year is $15,000.

Any other organization governing interscholastic athletic competition in this state may adopt bylaws similar to those required by this paragraph.

(d)1. The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws that require all students participating in interscholastic athletic competition or who are candidates for an interscholastic athletic team to satisfactorily pass a medical evaluation each year before participating in interscholastic athletic competition or engaging in any practice, tryout, workout, conditioning, or other physical activity associated with the student’s candidacy for an interscholastic athletic team, including activities that occur outside of the school year. Such medical evaluation may be administered only by a practitioner licensed under chapter 458, chapter 459, chapter 460, or s. 464.012 or registered under s. 464.0123, or a practitioner who holds an active equivalent licensure issued by the state in which the medical evaluation is performed, and in good standing with the practitioner’s regulatory board. The electrocardiogram required under subparagraph 4. shall be administered in accordance with standards established by the FHSAA’s Sports Medicine Advisory Committee. An electrocardiogram completed up to 2 years prior to the 2026-2027 school year satisfies this requirement.

2. The FHSAA bylaws must establish requirements for eliciting a student’s medical history and performing the medical evaluation and electrocardiogram required under this paragraph, which shall include a physical assessment of the student’s physical capabilities to participate in interscholastic athletic competition as contained in a uniform preparticipation physical evaluation and history form. The evaluation form must:

a. Incorporate the recommendations of the American Heart Association for participation cardiovascular screening.

b. Provide a place for the signature of the practitioner performing the evaluation with an attestation that each examination procedure listed on the form was performed by the practitioner or by someone under the direct supervision of the practitioner. The form must also contain a place for the practitioner to indicate whether a referral to another practitioner was made in lieu of completion of a certain examination procedure. The form must provide a place for the practitioner to whom the student was referred to complete the remaining sections and attest to that portion of the examination.

c. Advise students to complete a cardiovascular assessment and electrocardiogram, include information concerning alternative cardiovascular evaluation and diagnostic tests, and require the results of such medical evaluation to be provided to the school.

3. A student is not eligible to participate, as provided in s. 1006.15(3), in any interscholastic athletic competition or engage in any practice, tryout, workout, or other physical activity associated with the student’s candidacy for an interscholastic athletic team until the results of the medical evaluation have been received and approved by the school.

4. Beginning in the 2026-2027 school year and thereafter, the first time a student who is in grades 9 through 12 participates in an interscholastic athletic competition or is a candidate for an interscholastic athletic team, he or she shall complete at least one electrocardiogram screening that meets the requirements of s. 1006.165.

(e) Notwithstanding paragraph (c), a student shall be granted an exception to the electrocardiogram requirement if the parent of the student objects in writing to the student receiving an electrocardiogram because the electrocardiogram is contrary to his or her religious tenets or practices or if a physician licensed under chapter 458 or chapter 459 in good standing with the Board of Medicine or Board of Osteopathic Medicine, as applicable, provides a certificate of medical exception. A student may participate in interscholastic athletic competition or be a candidate for an interscholastic athletic team if the parent of the student objects in writing to the student undergoing a medical evaluation because such evaluation is contrary to his or her religious tenets or practices. However, in case of any such exception or objection, there shall be no liability on the part of any person or entity in a position to otherwise rely on the results of such medical evaluation or electrocardiogram for any damages resulting from the student’s injury or death arising directly from the student’s participation in interscholastic athletics where an undisclosed medical condition that would have been revealed in the medical evaluation or electrocardiogram is a proximate cause of the injury or death.

(f) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws that regulate persons who conduct investigations on behalf of the FHSAA. The bylaws shall include provisions that require an investigator to:

1. Undergo level 2 background screening under s. 435.04, establishing that the investigator has not committed any disqualifying offense listed in s. 435.04, unless the investigator can provide proof of compliance with level 2 screening standards submitted within the previous 5 years to meet any professional licensure requirements, provided:

a. The investigator has not had a break in service from a position that requires level 2 screening for more than 90 days; and

b. The investigator submits, under penalty of perjury, an affidavit verifying that the investigator has not committed any disqualifying offense listed in s. 435.04 and is in full compliance with this paragraph.

2. Be appointed as an investigator by the executive director.

3. Carry a photo identification card that shows the FHSAA name, logo, and the investigator’s official title.

4. Adhere to the following guidelines:

a. Investigate only those alleged violations assigned by the executive director or the board of directors.

b. Conduct interviews on Monday through Friday between the hours of 9 a.m. and 7 p.m. only, unless previously agreed to by the interviewee.

c. Allow the parent of any student being interviewed to be present during the interview.

d. Search residences or other private areas only with the permission of the executive director and the written consent of the student’s parent and only with a parent or a representative of the parent present.

(g) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws that establish sanctions for coaches who have committed major violations of the FHSAA’s bylaws and policies.

1. Major violations include, but are not limited to, knowingly allowing an ineligible student to participate in a contest representing a member school in an interscholastic contest or committing a violation of the FHSAA’s recruiting or sportsmanship policies.

2. Sanctions placed upon an individual coach may include, but are not limited to, prohibiting or suspending the coach from coaching, participating in, or attending any athletic activity sponsored, recognized, or sanctioned by the FHSAA and the member school for which the coach committed the violation. If a coach is sanctioned by the FHSAA and the coach transfers to another member school, those sanctions remain in full force and effect during the term of the sanction.

3. If a member school is assessed a financial penalty as a result of a coach committing a major violation, the coach shall reimburse the member school before being allowed to coach, participate in, or attend any athletic activity sponsored, recognized, or sanctioned by the FHSAA and a member school.

4. The FHSAA shall establish a due process procedure for coaches sanctioned under this paragraph, consistent with the appeals procedures set forth in subsection (7).

(h) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws establishing the process and standards by which FHSAA determinations of eligibility are made. Such bylaws shall provide that:

1. Ineligibility must be established by a preponderance of the evidence;

2. Student athletes, parents, and schools must have notice of the initiation of any investigation or other inquiry into eligibility and may present, to the investigator and to the individual making the eligibility determination, any information or evidence that is credible, persuasive, and of a kind reasonably prudent persons rely upon in the conduct of serious affairs;

3. An investigator may not determine matters of eligibility but must submit information and evidence to the executive director or a person designated by the executive director or by the board of directors for an unbiased and objective determination of eligibility; and

4. A determination of ineligibility must be made in writing, setting forth the findings of fact and specific violation upon which the decision is based.

(i) In lieu of bylaws adopted under paragraph (g), the FHSAA may adopt bylaws providing as a minimum the procedural safeguards of ss. 120.569 and 120.57, making appropriate provision for appointment of unbiased and qualified hearing officers.

(j) The FHSAA bylaws may not limit the competition of student athletes prospectively for rule violations of their school or its coaches or their adult representatives. The FHSAA bylaws may not unfairly punish student athletes for eligibility or recruiting violations perpetrated by a teammate, coach, or administrator. Contests may not be forfeited for inadvertent eligibility violations unless the coach or a school administrator should have known of the violation. Contests may not be forfeited for other eligibility violations or recruiting violations in excess of the number of contests that the coaches and adult representatives responsible for the violations are prospectively suspended.

(k) The FHSAA shall adopt guidelines to educate athletic coaches, officials, administrators, and student athletes and their parents of the nature and risk of concussion and head injury.

(l) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws or policies that require the parent of a student who is participating in interscholastic athletic competition or who is a candidate for an interscholastic athletic team to sign and return an informed consent that explains the nature and risk of concussion and head injury, including the risk of continuing to play after concussion or head injury, each year before participating in interscholastic athletic competition or engaging in any practice, tryout, workout, or other physical activity associated with the student’s candidacy for an interscholastic athletic team.

(m) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws or policies that require each student athlete who is suspected of sustaining a concussion or head injury in a practice or competition to be immediately removed from the activity. A student athlete who has been removed from an activity may not return to practice or competition until the student submits to the school a written medical clearance to return stating that the student athlete no longer exhibits signs, symptoms, or behaviors consistent with a concussion or other head injury. Medical clearance must be authorized by the appropriate health care practitioner trained in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of concussions as defined by the Sports Medicine Advisory Committee of the Florida High School Athletic Association.

(n) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws for the establishment and duties of a sports medicine advisory committee composed of the following members:

1. Eight physicians licensed under chapter 458 or chapter 459 with at least one member licensed under chapter 459.

2. One chiropractor licensed under chapter 460.

3. One podiatrist licensed under chapter 461.

4. One dentist licensed under chapter 466.

5. Three athletic trainers licensed under part XIII of chapter 468.

6. One member who is a current or retired head coach of a high school in the state.

(o) The FHSAA shall adopt bylaws or policies that prohibit a student athlete who receives an abnormal electrocardiogram result from participating in tryouts, practice, or competition until the student submits to the school a written medical clearance to participate. Medical clearance must be authorized by an appropriate health care practitioner listed in subparagraph (c)1. who is trained in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of electrocardiograms. There shall be no liability on the part of a school district in a position to otherwise rely on the results of the electrocardiogram and medical clearance for any damages resulting from the student’s injury or death arising from a cardiac event due to the student’s participation in interscholastic athletics.

(p) The FHSAA shall adopt, maintain, and enforce sport-specific manuals or handbooks that govern interscholastic competition. The manuals or handbooks may include, but are not limited to, timing, scoring, equipment, officiating, and athlete safety. The FHSAA must ensure that athletes may request exemptions or accommodations from real-time scoring requirements not later than 72 hours before a sanctioned event. If a request is made within the prescribed time, the FHSAA must provide access to accommodations for such participants.

(3) GOVERNING STRUCTURE OF THE FHSAA.—

(a) The FHSAA shall operate as a representative democracy in which the sovereign authority is within its member schools. Except as provided in this section, the FHSAA shall govern its affairs through its bylaws.

(b) Each member school, on its annual application for membership, shall name its official representative to the FHSAA. This representative must be either the school principal or his or her designee. That designee must either be an assistant principal or athletic director housed within that same school.

(c) The FHSAA’s membership shall be divided along existing county lines into four contiguous and compact administrative regions, each containing an equal or nearly equal number of member schools to ensure equitable representation on the FHSAA’s board of directors, representative assembly, and appeals committees.

(4) BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—

(a) The executive and legislative authority of the FHSAA is vested in its board of directors, which is composed of 13 members, 8 of whom are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate, as follows:

1. Two public member school representatives elected from among its public school representative members. Each elected representative must be from a different administrative region.

2. Two nonpublic member school representatives elected from among its nonpublic school representative members. Each elected representative must be from a different administrative region that is also different from the public member school representatives elected under subparagraph 1.

3. Two public member school representatives appointed from different administrative regions.

4. Two nonpublic member school representatives appointed from different administrative regions that are also different than those represented by the public member school representatives appointed under subparagraph 3.

5. Two representatives, one appointed from the two northernmost administrative regions and one appointed from the two southernmost administrative regions.

6. One district school superintendent appointed from the northernmost administrative region.

7. One district school board member appointed from the southernmost administrative region.

8. The commissioner or his or her designee from the department executive staff.

(b) A quorum of the board of directors shall consist of nine members.

(c) The board of directors shall elect a president and a vice president from among its members. These officers shall also serve as officers of the FHSAA.

(d) Members of the board of directors shall serve terms of 3 years and are eligible to succeed themselves only once. A member of the board of directors, other than the commissioner or his or her designee, may serve a maximum of 6 consecutive years. The FHSAA’s bylaws shall establish a rotation of terms to ensure that a majority of the members’ terms do not expire concurrently.

(e) The authority and duties of the board of directors, acting as a body and in accordance with the FHSAA’s bylaws, are as follows:

1. To act as the incorporated FHSAA’s board of directors and to fulfill its obligations as required by the FHSAA’s charter and articles of incorporation.

2. To establish such guidelines, regulations, policies, and procedures as are authorized by the bylaws.

3. To employ an FHSAA executive director, who has the authority to waive the bylaws of the FHSAA in order to comply with statutory changes. The hiring of the executive director must be ratified by the State Board of Education.

4. To levy annual dues and other fees and to set the percentage of contest receipts to be collected by the FHSAA.

5. To approve the budget of the FHSAA. The budget adopted by the board of directors must be ratified by the State Board of Education.

6. To organize and conduct statewide interscholastic competitions, which may or may not lead to state championships, and to establish the terms and conditions for these competitions.

7. To act as an administrative board in the interpretation of, and final decision on, all questions and appeals arising from the directing of interscholastic athletics of member schools.

8. To approve, reject, or amend any legislative recommendations from the representative assembly. Approval of such recommendations requires a majority vote of the board.

(5) REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY.—

(a) The representative assembly may make legislative recommendations to the board of directors.

(b) The representative assembly shall be composed of the following:

1. An equal number of member school representatives from each of the four administrative regions.

2. Four district school superintendents, one elected from each of the four administrative regions by the district school superintendents in their respective administrative regions.

3. Four district school board members, one elected from each of the four administrative regions by the district school board members in their respective administrative regions.

4. The commissioner or his or her designee from the department executive staff.

(c) The FHSAA’s bylaws shall establish the number of member school representatives to serve in the representative assembly from each of the four administrative regions and shall establish the method for their selection.

(d) No member of the board of directors other than the commissioner or his or her designee can serve in the representative assembly.

(e) The representative assembly shall elect a chairperson and a vice chairperson from among its members.

(f) Elected members of the representative assembly shall serve terms of 2 years and are eligible to succeed themselves for two additional terms. An elected member, other than the commissioner or his or her designee, may serve a maximum of 6 consecutive years in the representative assembly.

(g) A quorum of the representative assembly consists of one more than half of its members.

(h) Other than making legislative recommendations as authorized by paragraph (a), the authority of the representative assembly is limited to its sole duty, which is to consider, adopt, or reject any recommended proposed amendments to the FHSAA’s bylaws.

(i) The representative assembly shall meet as a body annually. A two-thirds majority of the votes cast by members present is required for passage of any proposal.

(6) PUBLIC LIAISON ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—

(a) The FHSAA shall establish, sustain, fund, and provide staff support to a public liaison advisory committee composed of the following:

1. The commissioner or his or her designee.

2. A member public school principal.

3. A member private school principal.

4. A member school principal who is a member of a racial minority.

5. An active athletic director.

6. An active coach, who is employed full time by a member school.

7. A student athlete.

8. A district school superintendent.

9. A district school board member.

10. A member of the Florida House of Representatives.

11. A member of the Florida Senate.

12. A parent of a high school student.

13. A member of a home education association.

14. A representative of the business community.

15. A representative of the news media.

(b) A member of the board of directors or the committee on appeals may not serve on the public liaison advisory committee.

(c) The public liaison advisory committee shall elect a chairperson and vice chairperson from among its members.

(d) The authority and duties of the public liaison advisory committee are as follows:

1. To act as a conduit through which the general public may have input into the decisionmaking process of the FHSAA and to assist the FHSAA in the development of procedures regarding the receipt of public input and disposition of complaints related to high school athletic and competition programs.

2. To conduct public hearings annually in each of the four administrative regions during which interested parties may address issues regarding the effectiveness of the rules, operation, and management of the FHSAA.

3. To conduct an annual evaluation of the FHSAA as a whole and present a report of its findings, conclusion, and recommendations to the board of directors, to the commissioner, and to the respective education committees of the Florida Senate and the Florida House of Representatives. The recommendations must delineate policies and procedures that will improve the implementation and oversight of high school athletic programs by the FHSAA.

(e) The public liaison advisory committee shall meet four times annually. Additional meetings may be called by the committee chairperson, the FHSAA president, or the FHSAA executive director.

(7) APPEALS.—

(a) The FHSAA shall establish a procedure of due process which ensures each student the opportunity to appeal an unfavorable ruling with regard to his or her eligibility to compete. The initial appeal shall be made to a committee on appeals within the administrative region in which the student lives. The FHSAA’s bylaws shall establish the number, size, and composition of each committee on appeals.

(b) No member of the board of directors is eligible to serve on a committee on appeals.

(c) Members of a committee on appeals shall serve terms of 3 years and are eligible to succeed themselves only once. A member of a committee on appeals may serve a maximum of 6 consecutive years. The FHSAA’s bylaws shall establish a rotation of terms to ensure that a majority of the members’ terms do not expire concurrently.

(d) The authority and duties of a committee on appeals shall be to consider requests by member schools seeking exceptions to bylaws and regulations, to hear undue hardship eligibility cases filed by member schools on behalf of student athletes, and to hear appeals filed by member schools or student athletes.

(e) A student athlete or member school that receives an unfavorable ruling from a committee on appeals or the executive director shall be entitled to appeal that decision to the board of directors at its next regularly scheduled meeting or called meeting. The FHSAA’s bylaws must establish a timeline for appeals relating to eligibility which may not exceed 20 days after the date of receipt of the appeal. The board of directors shall have the authority to uphold, reverse, or amend the decision of the committee on appeals or the executive director. In all such cases, the decision of the board of directors shall be final.

(f) The FHSAA shall expedite the appeals process on determinations of ineligibility so that disposition of the appeal can be made before the end of the applicable sports season, if possible.

(g) In any appeal from a decision on eligibility made by the executive director or a designee, a school or student athlete filing the appeal must be permitted to present information and evidence that was not available at the time of the initial determination or if the determination was not made by an unbiased, objective individual using a process allowing full due process rights to be heard and to present evidence. If evidence is presented on appeal, a de novo decision must be made by the committee or board hearing the appeal, or the determination may be suspended and the matter remanded for a new determination based on all the evidence. If a de novo decision is made on appeal, the decision must be made in writing, setting forth the findings of fact and specific violation upon which the decision is based. If a de novo decision is not required, the decision appealed must be set aside if the decision on ineligibility was not based on clear and convincing evidence. Any further appeal shall be considered on a record that includes all evidence presented.

(h) Decisions made by the committee on appeals, the executive director or his or her designee, and the FHSAA board of directors must be posted online in a searchable format and be in compliance with ss. 1002.22 and 1002.221.

(8) AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS.—Each member school representative, the board of directors acting as a whole or members acting individually, any advisory committee acting as a whole to be established by the FHSAA, the commissioner, and the FHSAA’s executive director may propose amendments to the bylaws. Any other individual may propose an amendment by securing the sponsorship of any such individuals or bodies. All proposed amendments must be submitted directly to the representative assembly for its consideration. The representative assembly shall provide a recommendation to the board of directors to either adopt, reject, or revise any proposed amendments.