DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS AND AFFILIATES.

(a) An impaired or insolvent title insurance company may not make a distribution to shareholders until the association has recovered the total amount of valid claims for money spent in exercising the association's powers and performing the association's duties under this chapter with respect to that company, plus interest on that amount.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by this section, the receiver appointed under an order of receivership of a title insurance company domiciled in this state may recover on behalf of the company from an affiliate that controlled the company the amount of a distribution, other than a stock dividend the company paid on its capital stock, made during the five years preceding the date of the petition for liquidation or rehabilitation.

(c) A person who was an affiliate that controlled the title insurance company when the distribution described by Subsection (b) was paid is liable for the amount of the distribution received. A person who was an affiliate that controlled the title insurance company when the distribution was declared is liable for the amount of the distribution the affiliate would have received if the distribution had been paid immediately. Two or more persons liable for the same distribution are jointly and severally liable. If a person liable under this subsection is insolvent, all of the affiliates that controlled the insolvent person when the distribution was paid are jointly and severally liable for any resulting deficiency in the amount recovered from the insolvent person.

(d) The maximum amount recoverable under Subsections (b) and (c) is the amount needed in excess of all other available assets of the insolvent title insurance company to pay the company's contractual obligations.

(e) The receiver may not recover a distribution under Subsection (b) if the title insurance company shows that:

(1) the distribution was lawful and reasonable on the date of payment; and

(2) the company did not know and could not reasonably have known that the distribution might adversely affect the ability of the company to fulfill its contractual obligations.